Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.14: The exergy of the world's oil proven reserves reported in BP
(2011). Values stipulated are in thousand million tonnes if not otherwise spec-
ified. - continued from previous page.
Country
Fuel-Oil 1
Fuel-Oil 2
Fuel-Oil 3
Exegy, Mtoe
Total Africa
1.6
15.8
-
18,913.0
Australia
0.4
490.8
Brunei
0.1
162.4
China
2.0
2,188.8
India
1.2
1,301.6
Indonesia
0.6
634.1
Malaysia
0.8
822.7
Thailand
0.1
56.1
Vietnam
0.6
644.4
Other Asia Pa-
cific
0.2
175.5
Total Asia Pa-
cific
0.4
5.5
-
6,476.3
TOTAL
WORLD
2.1
176.1
10.6
204,295.9
End of the table
According to Table 11.14, the world's proven oil exergy reserves generated from
R.E. III are 204.3 Gtoe. This means that oil's exergy reserves are half of those of
coal. The 2010 production data in exergy terms of fuel-oil is equal to 3.9 Gtoe 10 .
It should be remembered, that in addition to conventional oil reserves, a corres-
ponding range of additionally recoverable resources in exergy terms of at least 142
Gtoe should be taken into account (Gregory and Rogner, 1998) (see Sec. 6.6.6.2).
11.3.1.3 Natural gas
In this topic, the average standard composition of natural gas shown in Table 11.15
is used.
Table 11.15 Standard volumetric composition of natural gas (Valero and Arauzo, 1991)
HHV, kJ=Nm 3 CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12 CO 2 N 2
42110
0.9225
0.0653
0.0055
0.0007
0.0001
0.0001
0.0058
The chemical composition of natural gas as described above, generates the ther-
modynamic properties of Table 11.16.
R.E. II and III generate the same exergy values, since no sulphur is contained
in natural gas. The difference between the exergy generated with I and III is
negligible at only 0.01%. In the case of natural gas, an error of around 6.5% is
introduced, assuming that the exergy value is identical to the HHV. Hence, this
10 An average fuel-oil is considered to have an exergy content of 45,664 kJ/kg and a HHV of 45,455
kJ/kg.
 
Search WWH ::




Custom Search