Biomedical Engineering Reference
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2.5
99% w
i
thin steady state
60
2.0
50
1.5
40
1.0
99% within steady state
30
0.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
t
, h
t
, h
FIGURE E16-4.1
Variations of biomass concentration and substrate concentration with time to the new steady
state. One can observe that it takes a long time to reach steady state.
trajectory is also a curved path (also following a clockwise), a new path than that shown
in
Fig. E16-4.2
. It is not a path reversal of
Fig. E16-4.2
.
16.4. CATALYST INSTABILITY
Catalysts cannot be operated on indefinitely. Catalyst deactivate as its service is prolonged
as we have learned in Chapter 9. Catalyst can be deactivated or catalytic activity can be lost
f
1
= 0
f
2
= 0
60
50
40
f
2
=
MG
X
-
MR
X
30
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
S
, g/L
f
1
=
MS
S
-
MC
S
FIGURE E16-4.2
The trajectory from (S
¼
2.1922 g/L, X
¼
62.597 g-X/L) to the new steady state (S
¼
2.1922
g/L, X
¼
36.997 g-X/L) on (S, X) plane (with f
1
and f
2
indicated).
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