Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 12.3 Examples of Cell Immobilization by Entrapment Using Different Support Materials
Cells
Support matrix
Conversion
S. cerevisiae
K-Carrageenan or polyacrylamide
Glucose to ethanol
Enterobacter aerogenes
K-Carrageenan
Glucose to 2,3-butanediol
E. coli
K-Carrageenan
Fumaric acid to aspartic acid
Trichoderma reesei
K-Carrageenan
Cellulose production
Zymomonas mobilis
Ca-alginate
Glucose to ethanol
Acetobacter sp.
Ca-alginate
Glucose to gluconic acid
Morinda citrifolia
Ca-alginate
Anthraquinone formation
Candida trapicalis
Ca-alginate
Phenol degradation
Nocardia rhodocraus
Polyurethane
Conversion of testosterone
E. coli
Polyurethane
Penicillin G to G-APA
Catharantus roseus
Polyurethane
Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
Rhodotorula minuta
Polyurethane
Menthyl succinate to menthol
TABLE 12.4 Examples of Cell Immobilization by Surface Attachment
Cells
Support surface
Conversion
Lactobacillus sp.
Gelatin (adsorption)
Glucose to lactic acid
Clostridium acetobutylicum
Ion-exchange resins
Glucose to acetone, butanol
Streptomyces
Sephadex (adsorption)
Streptomycin
Animal cells
DEAE-sephadex/cytodex (adsorption)
Hormones
E. coli
Ti(IV) oxide (covalent binding)
Bacillus subtilis
Agarose-carbodiimide (covalent binding)
Solanum aviculare
Polyphenylene oxide-glutaraldehyde
(covalent binding)
Steroid glycoalkaloids formation
12.4.2. Passive Immobilization: Biological Films
Biological films are the multilayer growth of cells on solid support surfaces. The support
material can be inert or biologically active. Biofilm formation is common in natural and
industrial fermentation systems, such as biological wastewater treatment and mold fermen-
tations. The interaction among cells and the binding forces between the cell and support
material may be very complicated.
In mixed culture microbial films, the presence of some polymer-producing organisms
facilitates biofilm formation and enhances the stability of the biofilms. Microenvironmental
conditions inside a thick biofilm vary with position and affect the physiology of the cells.
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