Cell Metabolism - Bioprocess Engineering: Kinetics, Biosystems, Sustainability and Reactor Design - page 548

(a) What complication might you worry about if the human DNA encoding the
protein were placed directly in E. coli?
(b) Assume that the correct primary sequence of amino acids has been produced.
What posttranslational steps do you worry about and why?
10.15. Consider the process of N-linked glycosylation.
(a) What organelles are required?
(b) What is the residual sugar on a glycoprotein that has simple glycosylation?
(c) If glycosylation is complete, what will be the final sugar on the glycoform?
(d) Why may N-linked glycosylation be important?
10.16. Cite the ATP-consuming and ATP-generating steps in glycolysis.
10.17. Briefly specify major functions of the TCA cycle.
10.18. What are the major control sites in glycolysis?
10.19. What is the Pasteur effect? Explain in terms of regulation of metabolic flow into
a pathway.
10.20. How is glucose synthesized from pyruvate?
10.21. Explain the major functions of the dark and light reaction phases in photosynthesis.
10.22. What are the major differences in photosynthesis between microbes and plants?
10.23. What is transamination? Provide an example.
10.24. Briefly explain the Crabtree Effect.

Cell
Membrane

Glycolysis

Glucose-6-phosphate

Enzyme IIC

PEP

Pyruvate

Enzyme IIA HPr-P Enzyme I

Enzyme IIB - P

HPr Enzyme I - P

En zyme IIB Enzyme IIA - P

Glucose

Enzyme IIC - P

FIGURE P10.27 A schematic of a phosphotransferase system (PTS).

10.25. What are the major steps in aerobic metabolism of hydrocarbons? What are the end
products?
10.26. What is nitrogen fixation? Compare the aerobic and anaerobic nitrogen fixation
mechanisms.
10.27. Figure P10.27 shows a schematic of the PTS system in E. coli as discussed in the text
around Eqn (10.32) . Glucose is translocated from the medium (abiotic) into the cell
(biotic) by a concerted effort of enzymes. This is a typical example of active transport
of nutrients into the cell. Derive at a rate expression for the uptake of glucose. Clearly
define the symbols you use.