Biomedical Engineering Reference
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(a)
O
O
CH
3
O
O
OH
O
P
O
P
HS
NH
2
N
|
H
N
|
H
HO
N
CH
3
O
OH
N
O
N
N
O
OH
HO
P
O
OH
O
(b)
O
CH
3
O
O
P
O
P
O
OH
S
NH
2
N
|
H
N
|
H
HO
N
O
CH
3
O
OH
N
O
N
N
O
OH
P
HO
O
OH
FIGURE 10.23
Stereo structures of (a) CoA (or CoA-SH) and (b) Acetyl-CoA (or CoA-S-Ac).
oxaloacetic acid (OAA) are the two last steps of the TCA cycle. For each pyruvate molecule
entering the cycle, three CO
2
, four NADH
H
þ
, and one FADH
2
are produced. The succi-
nate and
a
-ketoglutarate produced during the TCA cycle are used as precursors for the
synthesis of certain amino acids. The reducing power (NADH
þ
H
þ
and FADH
2
) produced
is used either for biosynthetic pathways or for ATP generation through the electron trans-
port chain.
The overall reaction of the TCA cycle is
þ
NAD
þ
þ
H
þ
Þ
acetyl
-
CoA
þ 3
FAD
þ
GDP
þ
H
PO
4
þ 2
H
O
CoA
þ 3ð
NADH
þ
/
3
2
þ
FADH
2
þ
GTP
þ 2
CO
(10.40)
2
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