Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 10.3 The Genetic Code: Correspondence between RNA Codons and Amino Acids (as in Protein)
Second base
First
base
Third
base
U
C
A
G
U
UUU
phe *
UCU
ser
UAU
tyr
UGU
cys
U
UUC
Phe
UCC
ser
UAC
tyr
UGC
cys
C
end y
end y
UUA
Leu
UCA
ser
UAA
UGA
A
end y
UUG
Leu
UCG
ser
UAG
UGG
try
G
C
CUU
Leu
CCU
pro
CAU
his
CGU
arg
U
CUC
Leu
CCC
pro
CAC
his
CGC
arg
C
CUA
Leu
CCA
pro
CAA
gln
CGA
arg
A
CUG
Leu
CCG
pro
CAG
gln
CGG
arg
G
A
AUU
Ilu
ACU
thr
AAU
asn
AGU
ser
U
AUC
Ilu
ACC
thr
AAC
asn
AGC
ser
C
AUA
Ilu
ACA
thr
AAA
lys
AGA
arg
A
AUG
Met
ACG
thr
AAG
lys
AGG
arg
G
G
GUU
Val
GCU
ala
GAU
asp
GGU
gly
U
GUC
Val
GCC
ala
GAC
asp
GGC
gly
C
GUA
Val
GCA
ala
GAA
glu
GGA
gly
A
GUG
Val
GCG
ala
GAG
glu
GGG
gly
G
* Amino acids are abbreviated as the first three letters in each case (see Table 2.4).
y The codons UAA, UAG, and UGA are end codons (or nonsense codons); UAA and UAG are called the ochre codon and the amber codon,
respectively.
Promoter
Coding strand
Te r m i n a t o r
Gene I
Gene N
5
3
(a)
DNA
TA C
ATG
CCT
AGT
3
5
Sense strand
Template strand
(b)
Polygenic
m RNA
3
5
AUG
UAC
GGA UCA
(c)
COOH
NH 3
TYR SER COOH
MET GLY …
protein
NH 3
Protein N
Protein I
FIGURE 10.10 Overview of the transfer of information from codons on the DNA template to proteins. In
prokaryotes, messages are often polygenic, whereas in eukaryotes, polygenic messages are not made and only
monogenic messages are constructed.
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