Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Section G-1.
2 R towards
A 1 ,A 2
(compare with Sny-
der 1977 , 1979a ), Sect. G-1 is a setup of general pseudo-cylindrical mapping equations of class ( G.8 )
which allow only equiareal, but no conformal projections. (We met the same situation for
In order to generalize the standard Mollweide projection of
S
E
2
R . )
By solving a general eigenvalue-eigenvector problem, the principal distortions as well as their
directions (eigenvectors) are computed, in particular, on the basis of the metric of the plane rep-
resented by pullback in terms of the left Cauchy-Green deformation tensor and of the metric of
the spheroid.
S
Section G-2.
In Sect. G-2 , we specialize the ellipsoidal Mollweide projection by an “Ansatz” ( G.20 ), leading to
the problem to solve a generalized Kepler equation ( G.39 ), for example, by Newton iteration, see
Table G.1 . The basic results are collected in three corollaries and one theorem.
Section G-3.
Finally, completing the preceding Sects. G-1 and G-2 , Sect. G-3 presents computer graphics of
the generalized Mollweide projection
2
A 1 ,A 2
E
.
G-1 The Pseudo-Cylindrical Mapping of the Biaxial Ellipsoid Onto
the Plane
2
A 1 ,A 2
First, we construct a minimal atlas of the biaxial ellipsoid
E
(“ellipsoid-of-revolution”,
“spheroid”) based on local coordinates of type
{
longitude, latitude
}
and
{
meta-longitude, meta-
latitude
}
.
2
A 1 ,A 2
X
E
:=
3
:= X
+ ,A 1 >A 2 ,
X 2 + Y 2
A 1
+ Z 2
+ ,A 2
R
A 2 =1 ,A 1
R
R
(G.1)
X ( L, B )=
E 2 )sin Φ
= e 1 A 1 cos Φ cos Λ
+ e 2 A 1 cos Φ sin Λ
+ e 3 A 1 (1
1
1
1
.
(G.2)
E 2 sin 2 Φ
E 2 sin 2 Φ
E 2 sin 2 Φ
For surface normal ellipsoidal
{
longitude Λ , latitude Φ
}
,wechoosetheopenset0 <Λ< 2 π and
2
A 1 ,A 2
π/ 2 <Φ< + π/ 2 in order to avoid any coordinate singularity once we endow the manifold
E
2
A 1 ,A 2
with a differentiable structure. Indeed, ( G.2 ) covers all points of
E
except the meridians Λ =0
and Λ = π , respectively, as well as the poles Φ =
±
π/ 2 .E denotes the relative eccentricity of the
2
A 1 ,A 2
defined by E 2 := ( A 1
A 2 ) /A 1 . In order to guarantee bijectivity of the
biaxial ellipsoid
E
mapping
{
X,Y,Z
} →{
Λ, Φ
}
,weuse
 
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