Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 23.33.
Local representation of the circle by (
23.145
),
κ
0
=1
/
500
,κ
0
=0
,α
0
=10
◦
,x
0
=
y
0
=0
,s
0
=0,
various degrees of approximation
Fig. 23.34.
Local representation of the circle by (
23.145
),
κ
0
=1
/
500
,κ
0
=0
,α
0
=45
◦
,x
0
=
y
0
=0
,s
0
=0,
various degrees of approximation
r
−
0
√
(X
−x
0
)
2
+(Y
−y
0
)
2
−
1
X
+
x
0
r
−
0
√
(X
−x
0
)
2
+(Y
−y
0
)
2
→ x
=
y
=
Y
+
y
0
r
−
0
√
(X
−
x
0
)
2
+(Y
−
y
0
)
2
−
1
r
−
0
√
(X
−x
0
)
2
+(Y
−y
0
)
2
→
r
0
(
X−x
0
)
√
(X
−x
0
)
2
+(Y
−y
0
)
2
→
x
=
x
0
+
√
(X
−x
0
)
2
+(Y
−y
0
)
2
r
0
(
Y −y
0
)
→
y
=
y
0
+
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