Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 20.5
Total deformation energy.
L
0
=9
◦
. Three cases: (i)
B
0
=0
◦
, (ii)
B
0
=48
◦
, (iii)
B
0
=70
◦
.
l
E
=2
◦
,
b
N
=
b
S
=2
◦
.
I
AGK
,
I
AS
,
I
AR
−
I
AR
I
AGK
I
AS
L
0
=9
◦
(“normal Riemann”)
(“conformal Gauss-Krueger”)
(“parallel Soldner”)
B
0
=0
◦
10
−
8
10
−
8
10
−
8
1.283
×
7.518
×
3.759
×
B
0
=48
◦
10
−
9
10
−
8
10
−
9
6.983
×
1.503
×
7.517
×
B
0
=70
◦
10
−
10
10
−
9
10
−
9
4.710
×
1.048
×
5.239
×
Transverse Mercator Projection, we refer to
Grafarend
(
1995
), the Riemann coordinates and its
deformation analysis to
Grafarend and Syffus
(
1995
). The special Newton form of a geodesic in
Maupertuis' gauge on the sphere and the ellipsoid-of-revolution is presented in Appendix
E
to
which we refer.
Lichtenegger
(
1987
) presented his theory of three boundary problems and one
initial problem. Here, we present only two out of four.
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