Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Typically, each phase accommodates two to five years of solid waste volume.
The phase development allows the progressive use of the landfill area, while
leaving some parts undisturbed. The support facilities located at the site include
access roads, equipment shelters, weighing scales, office space, location of waste
inspection and transfer station (if used), temporary waste storage and/or disposal
area for special wastes, areas to be used for waste processing (e.g., shredding),
areas for stockpiling cover material and liner material, drainage facilities, landfill
gas management facilities, location of leachate management system (i.e., sump),
and monitoring wells.
The term daily cell is used to describe the volume of material placed in a
landfill during one day. The working face is the area where new refuse being
deposited and compacted. The working face should remain as small as possible to
avoid attracting birds and creating visual problems for passersby, and to contain
blowing paper. Keeping freshly deposited refuse in a well-defined and small
working face is a good indication of a well-operated landfill. The minimum
width of the working face or daily cell should be wide enough to accommodate
the trucks or vehicles that are expected to be at the landfill at any given time.
Once the working face has been completed and daily cover material provided, it
is a completed cell, or daily cell .
The daily cell is covered with the daily cover material, usually consists of 15
to 30 cm of soil that is applied to the working faces of the landfill. The purposes
of daily cover are to control the blowing of waste materials, to prevent rate, flies
and other disease vectors from entering or exiting the landfill, and to control the
entry of water into the landfill during operation.
A lift is a complete layer of daily cells over the active area of the landfill.
Each landfill cell (or phase) consists of a series of lifts. Intermediate cover is
placed at the completion of each lift. Intermediate cover is typically 45 cm. The
final lift includes the cover layer. The final cover layer is applied to the entire
landfill surface of the phase after all landfilling operations are complete. The final
cover usually consists of multiple layers designed to enhance surface drainage,
intercept percolating water, and support surface vegetation.
The following equipment is required at a landfill site (O'Leary and Walsh
2002):
Dozers for spreading waste and daily cover
Landfill compactors for compaction of waste
Loader backhoes for loading waste and excavating trenches for embank-
ment construction
Backhoes and front-end loaders for excavating trenches and moving cover
materials
Tractor trailers for internal movement of waste or daily cover soil
Heavy-duty backhoes for large excavation and embankment construction
 
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