Synthetic Morphogens and Pro-morphogens for Aided Tissue Regeneration - Biologically Responsive Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering - page 53

Table 3.1 Synthetic peptidic growth factor analogues (adapted from Santin M, [ 46 ] )
Peptide sequence/name Growth factor analogue/function Reference

SSRS Insulin growth factor-1 analogue/

corneal regeneration

Yamada et al. [ 44 ]

RKIEIVRKK Platelet-derived growth factor-BB

analogue/angiogenesis

Brennand et al.
[ 45 ]

QPWLEQAYYSTF Vascular endothelial growth factor

analogues/angiogenesis

Hardy et al. [ 46 ]

YPHIDSLGHWRR
LLADTTHHRPWT
AHGTSTGVPWP
VPWMEPAYQRFL
TLPWLEESYWRP
KLTWQELYQLKYKGI Vascular endothelial growth factor

analogue/angiogenesis

D'Andrea et al.
[ 47 ]

NSVNSKIPKACCVPTELSAI Bone morphogenetic protein-2

analogue/bone regeneration

Suzuki et al. [ 48 ]

-GGSKPPGTSS-CONH 2 Bone marrow homing/cell

differentiation

Horii et al. [ 49 ]

-GGPPSSTKT-CONH 2 Bone marrow homing/cell

differentiation

Horii et al. [ 49 ]

identi fi ed. Table 3.1 provides a list of peptides with a growth factor analogue activ-
ity and their relative literature references.
In addition to these analogues, peptides which are involved in vivo in the homing
of bone marrow and haemoprogenitor stem cells have also been identified. Selected
peptides also include amino acid sequences with an angiopoietin-1 mimicking
sequence, NQRRNPENGGRRYNRIQHGQ, or the SFLLRN sequence that is able
to commit haemoprogenitor cells towards angiogenesis through induction of angio-
poietin-2 expression. Indeed, both angiopoietin-1 and -2 play an important biologi-
cal role in angiogenesis.
Angiopoietin-1 is known to have both anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effect
[ 50 ], while angiopoietin-2 induces PAR-1-mediated proliferation of haemoprogeni-
tor cells [ 51 ] .
Particularly relevant to tissue regeneration is also a class of peptides with a
sequence able to recruit mesenchymal stem cells. It is envisaged that gradients of
this peptide can enhance the regeneration potential of tissues compromised by
trauma or disease.

3.7.1.2 Identi fi cation of Bioligand Analogues

Likewise for growth factor analogues, a number of peptides have been identified
that are able to recognise cell receptors involved in cell biospecific recognition dur-
ing the adhesion and migration processes. Table 3.2 provides a list of these peptides
and their relative literature references. It can be observed that alongside the well-
known RGD sequence that mediates the adhesion of a number of tissue cells and of