Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(A)
(B)
(C)
(E)
65
0.74
0.72
0.7
0.68
0.66
0.64
60
55
50
45
40
40
1.1
cdc 16 mutant
Wild type
35
1.0
30
0.9
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
40
20
0
20
40
Min
Min
Min
(D)
0.8
t = 63 min
t = 33 min
t = 0 min
t = 43 min
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.7
0.6
60
40
20
0
20
Time (min)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
pg/ µ m 2
Figure 5.2
Time evolution of (A) dry mass (DM), (B) projected cell surface, and (C) DM concentration.
Vertical lines: solid, end of surface growth; dashed, cytokinesis (cell cleavage). (D)
Representative DM surface density images recorded (1) at the beginning, (2) at the end of cell
growth, (3) just before cytokinesis (arrow: septum), and (4) at the end of the recording period.
Scale bar
m. The two sister cells after cell division have been considered as a single cell in
order to coherently appreciate the evolution of the measured parameters. (E) Comparison of
the DM concentration for two phenotypes: wild-type (triangle) and cdc16 mutant (circle)
fission yeast. Data expressed as mean
5
μ
5
SEM for five cells. The horizontal line denotes time of
cytokinesis for wild type and the stage of maximal DM concentration for mutant. Source:
Modified from Ref. [39] .
6
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) as well as efficiently addressing the
important issue of the erythrocyte flickering. DHM permits online tracking of changes in
individual cells during osmotic fragility test or shear stress. It does not require the use of
fluorescent probes and employing delicate and time-consuming deconvolution and image
analysis procedures such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In addition, the
intracellular hemoglobin content of individual cells, a parameter altered in various
pathological states, can be directly estimated from the phase measurements. These
tremendous possibilities have recently led to a large number of QPM publications in the
field on hematology [12,14,48,136
146] .
RBCs represent the main cell type in circulating blood and are responsible for the transport
of oxygen. Parameters such as RBC shape, volume, refractive index, and hemoglobin
content are important characteristics that can be used as good indicators of the body's
physiological state. For instance, erythrocyte volume distribution is altered in patients with
anemia, folate and vitamin B12 deficiency, and microcytic anemia [147] . Oxygen saturation
also modulates the hemoglobin refractive index.
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