Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
urban background of Barcelona, Spain. Recently, Harrison et al. [
19
] applied the
similar technique on PNC data collected at roadside environment (Marylebone
Road) in London to identify contribution from various sources.
Morawska and co-workers have produced a number of review articles on this topic.
For example, Holmes and Morawska [
20
] reviewed several simple and complex
models covering a wide range of urban scales for the dispersion of particulate matter.
Morawska et al. [
21
] focused on vehicle produced ultrafine particles and discussed
limitations of measurement methods, sources, characteristics, transport and exposure
of these particles in urban environments. Their further review focused on indoor and
outdoor monitoring of airborne nanoparticles [
3
]. Morawska [
22
] discussed the
importance of airborne ENPs from the health perspective. Regulations and policy
measures related to the reduction of ambient particulate matter were discussed in their
follow-up article [
23
]. Their recent review article discussed the commuters' exposure
to ultrafine particles and associated health effects [
24
].
There has been around half a dozen review articles published by Kumar and co-
researchers during the last 2 years on various aspects of urban atmospheric
nanoparticles. Their first review synthesised the existing knowledge on
characteristics, measurements and currently available instruments for measuring
atmospheric nanoparticles in the urban environment. In addition, they discussed the
potential prospects of regulatory control for atmospheric nanoparticles, recent
advances on this topic and future research priorities [
2
]. A further article presented
the comparison of the behaviour of vehicle derived airborne nanoparticles and the
ENPs produced from nanomaterials integrated products, besides discussing the
consequences for prioritising research and regulation activities [
4
]. Later, they
reviewed the characteristics and impacts of biofuelled vehicles derived
nanoparticles on the number-based regulations [
5
]. Their further article in this
series focused on the dispersion modelling of nanoparticles in the wake of moving
vehicles, and presented a critical analysis of the information on dispersion models
and techniques (numerical and computational) used for dispersion modelling at this
fine scale [
25
]. A recent review by Kumar et al. [
26
] illustrated dynamics and
dispersion modelling of nanoparticles at five spatial scales (vehicle wake, street
scale, neighbourhood, city and tunnel). Also were presented comprehensive
discussions on the importance of sinks and transformation processes in nanoparticle
dispersion models at various spatial scales. Their recent article discussed the
technical challenges in tackling regulatory concerns over atmospheric nanoparticles
[
27
] and the follow-up work summarised their impacts on urban air quality and
public health [
28
]. Their most recent work discussed the importance of
nanoparticles produced by building activities such as construction, demolition or
recycling, besides highlighting the need for developing risk assessment and man-
agement strategies [
29
].
The ever-increasing number of published studies on airborne nanoparticles,
which is also evident from the brief summary of various reviews presented
above, clearly demonstrates a mounting importance of this research topic among
the air quality science and management communities.
