Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 4 Air pollutants regulated in Europe (based on [
17
])
Avg.
time
Pollutant
Level
Form
10 mg/m
3
Carbon monoxide
8 h
Not to be exceeded
g/m
3
Lead
Annual 0.5
Not to be exceeded
m
g/m
3
Nitrogen dioxide
Annual 40
Not to be exceeded
m
g/m
3
1 h
200
Not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year
m
g/m
3
Annual 30
As NO
x
, for environmental protection: Not to be
exceeded at regional sites
m
g/m
3
Ozone
8 h
120
For health protection: Not to be exceeded more than
25 times per year, averaged over 3 years
m
AOT40 18,000
m
g/
m
3
*h
For environmental protection: Sum of differences
between 8 am and 8 pm of hourly value exceeding
80
m
g/m
3
between May and July over 3 years
PM
2.5
Annual 25
m
g/m
3
Particles
To be reached in steps with no exceedance in 2015
AEI
a
20
m
g/m
3
Not to be exceeded
PM
10
Annual 40
m
g/m
3
Not to be exceeded
50
m
g/m
3
24 h
Not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year
125
m
g/m
3
Sulphur dioxide
24 h
Not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year.
350
m
g/m
3
1 h
Not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year
g/m
3
Annual 20
For environmental protection: Not to be exceeded
at regional sites
m
a
Average Exposure Indicator: the representative mean of urban background monitoring stations in
a country, calculated as a rolling 3-year average
All strategies
- Contain elements of emission monitoring (not further discussed in detail)
- Assume a link between emissions and ambient air quality
- Define site types depending on distance to major sources of air pollution
- Rely on a combination of emission control and ambient air quality monitoring
- Include limit values for the safety of the population and the environment
- Stress the importance of providing timely information to the public
Strong similarities can also be seen between the lists of regulated air pollutants
in Tables
2
,
3
and
4
. There are some air pollutants beyond those listed in the tables
that are also required to be monitored, including volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Still significant differences exist in
• The area of liability
European law does not state anything concerning liability in the case of harm
or damage by air pollution, whereas specific sections are dedicated to this question
in Japanese law.
• Definition of site types
While the general idea of differentiating monitoring site types is present in all the
monitoring strategies, the site type definitions and descriptions are different. The
USA approach starts with different scales of representativity which are then linked to
