Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6 Population affected
by exceedances of the PM
10
daily mean limit values
(
source
: ETC/ACC [
4
])
MS
City
Population affected
BG
Sofia
1,261,000
EL
Athens
3,605,000
IT
Milan/northern Italy
2,730,000/25,943,000
PL
Krak´w/S-Poland
808,000/8,410,000
PT
Lisbon
351,000
SK
Koˇice
65,000
Table 7 PM
2.5
urban
increment (
source
: IIASA [
17
])
PM
2.5
urban increment
Athens
14.6
Berlin
4.2
Koˇice
11.5
Krakow
9.8
S-Poland
14.2
Lisboa
11.5
London
4.8
Milan
17.5
N-IT
17.5
Paris
11.9
Sofia
19
Stuttgart
1.7
5.3.6 Urban Increment
Table
7
shows the urban increment (difference between regional and urban back-
ground level for a given city) of PM
2.5
for the critical and non-critical areas. Large
urban increments have been calculated for Sofia, Milan and northern Italy, Athens
and southern Poland. A large urban increment may indicate adverse dispersion
conditions and/or high local emission densities.
5.3.7 Emissions
Data relating to emissions are available from the MACC project
13
and, for on some
areas, from the notifications of time extension. Table
8
shows PM
10
emissions from
MACC categorised into low level sources,
14
high level sources
15
and traffic.
Among urban agglomerations, the highest total emissions have been calculated
14
Source categories residential, commercial and other combustion, industrial processes, extraction
distribution of fossil fuels, solvent use, road transport, other mobile sources, waste treatment and
disposal, agriculture (SNAP 2, 4-10).
15
Source categories power generation and industrial combustion (SNAP 1 and 3).
