Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Road Traffic: A Major Source of Particulate
Matter in Europe
Fulvio Amato, Martijn Schaap, Cristina Reche, and Xavier Querol
Abstract Gaseous and particulate emissions from vehicles represent a major
source of atmospheric pollution in cities. Recent research shows evidence of,
along with the primary emissions from motor exhaust, important contributions
from secondary (due to traffic-related organic/inorganic gaseous precursors) and
primary particles due to wear and resuspension processes. Besides new and more
effective (for NO
x
emissions) technologies, non-technological measures from local
authorities are needed to improve urban air quality in Europe.
Keywords NO
x
, PM, Primary, Resuspension, Secondary, Wear
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
2 Exhaust Particles . ........................................................................... 172
2.1 Black Carbon and Particle Number Measurements in Europe . . . ................... 173
