Ammonia Emissions in Europe - Urban Air Quality in Europe - page 155

6000

5500

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Fig. 11 Trend in total annual NH 3 emissions in Europe over the period 1980-2009. Source:
EMEP ( http://www.emep.int )

Table 2 Annual emission of
ammonia (Gg NH3) from
selected European countries
during the period 1985-2009
as they are used in the EMEP
models

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

Denmark 137 134 114 93 84 77

Germany 857 758 642 594 578 597

France 780 787 772 802 751 744

The Netherlands 248 249 193 163 141 125

Norway 23 20 23 24 23 23

Poland 550 511 378 322 326 273

Sweden 54 55 64 56 53 48

United Kingdom 341 382 359 333 311 288

6 Regulation of Emissions, Future Scenarios and Impact
of Climate Change

Regulation of NH 3 emissions entered the European legislation by the 1979 signing
of the Convention on long-range trans-boundary air pollution (CLRTAP) to abate
acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone. In 1999, the executive body
of the Convention adopted the “Gothenburg Protocol”. For NH 3 , the objective of
this protocol was a 17% reduction in emissions compared with 1990 levels. This
was to be obtained through the definition of annual “emission ceiling” not to be
exceeded by the signing parties from 2010 onwards. The Gothenburg Protocol
came into force in May 2005 and to date signed by 26 ratifying parties. The
implementation of the emission reductions has taken place under the National
Emissions Ceilings (NEC) directive (2001/81/EC) of the European Union. The
decreasing trend in European emissions depicted in Fig. 11 is to a large degree the
result of reductions agreed upon in the NEC directive although not European all
countries have complied with the emission ceilings for NH 3 . Currently the
Gothenburg Protocol is under revision with an aim of adopting more stringent