Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
40
25
35
20
30
15
25
20
10
15
5
10
0
5
0
-5
PAH particle phase concentrations (ng/m
3
;
left y
-axis) and ambient air temperature
from summer 2008 to winter 2009 (
C;
right y
-axis) in the semi-rural area of Ispra, northern
Italy [
81
]
Fig. 13
∑
Index (1990 = 100)
PCDD/F
total PAH
HCB
120
HCH
PCB
100
80
60
40
20
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
Fig. 14 Emission trends of several POPs between 1990 and 2009 [
7
]
km [
86
]. Examples of these model calculations of the atmospheric emissions and
concentrations of PCB153 and benzo[
a
]pyrene are shown in Figs.
15
and
16
. They
show that both combustion-related compounds, such as PAH and industrial products,
such as PCBs, have larger emissions in urbanised than in rural areas. However, in some
semi-rural areas, such as northern Italy or southern Poland, large PAH emissions are
reported, mainly due to induced biomass and coal combustion for domestic heating
and specific meteorological conditions in winter (e.g. stagnant atmospheric conditions)
[
81
,
82
]. These model calculations predict ambient air concentrations on the European
