Removal of Organic Dyes from Industrial Effluents: An Overview of Physical and Biotechnological Applications - Green Chemistry for Dyes Removal from Wastewater - page 22

Red, Reactive Violet, Reactive Yellow and Procion Red G. Ozer et al. [180]
have revealed that the potential of decolorization of the algae, S. rhizopus ,
for synthetic wastewaters containing an initial concentration of the dye
Acid Red 274 from 25 to 1000 mg/L is high. Almost complete removal of
Acid Red 274 dye from the synthetic wastewaters was achieved by using
S. rhizopus with mechanisms of biocoagulation and biosorption.
Santos et al. [181,182] have widely reported the necessity of introducing
redox mediators to achieve high decolorization efficiencies of several azo
dyes by using anaerobic thermophiles.
Mahadwad et al. [183] studied the photocatalytic degradation of
Reactive Black 5 dye by using TiO 2 -zeolite adsorbent as a semiconductor
catalyst system at a batch reactor. The composition of the synthesized
photocatalyst is composed of zeolite (ZSM-5) and TiO 2 , as adsorbent and
as photoactive component. The optimum formulation of the supported
catalyst was found to be (TiO 2 /ZSM-5 = 0.15/1), which received the
highest efficiency with 98% degradation in 50 mg/L solution of Reactive
Black 5 within 90 min. The TiO 2 together with the zeolite was found to
be stable for repeated use.
Erdal and Taskin [184] investigated the decolorization of Reactive
Black 5 dye by Penicillium chrysogenum MT-6, and they determined that
the dye uptake is strongly dependent on mycelial morphology. The small
uniform pellets (2 mm) and poor nutrient medium were found to be better
for dye uptake. The optimal conditions for the dye uptake were determined
to be an initial pH of 5.0, a shaking rate of 150 rpm, temperature of 28 C,
spore concentration of 10 7 /mL, 10 g/L sucrose, and 1 g/L ammonium chlo-
ride. The maximum dye removal ratio of the fungus was found to be 89%
with biomass production of 3.83 g/L at 0.3 g/L initial dye concentration for
100 h. The fungus was understood to be a good alternative system for the
decolorization of a medium containing Reactive Black 5 dye.
References
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Compounds Removal from Wastewater: Natural and Solar Based Treatments ,
G. Lofrano, ed., Springer Briefs in Green Chemistry for Sustainability, 2012.
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