Non-conventional Adsorbents for Dye Removal - Green Chemistry for Dyes Removal from Wastewater - page 386

cucurbituril [273-27]. Selected adsorption capacities are reported in
Table 10.11. Cotton is the most abundant of all naturally occurring organic
substrates, being planted on a large scale in some countries such as the
United States, India, Brazil, Australia and China, and is widely used. This
material characteristically exhibits excellent physical and chemical prop-
erties in terms of stability, water absorbency and dye ability [276]. Cotton
plant wastes are composed primarily of cellulose (30-50%), hemicellu-
loses (20-30%) and lignin (20-30%). Tunç et al. [277] studied the poten-
tial use of cotton plant wastes as adsorbents for the removal of Reactive
Black 5. Adsorption was strongly pH-dependent but slightly temperature-
dependent. The authors showed that both external mass transfer and

Table 10.11 Reported adsorption capacities q max (mg g -1 ) for miscellaneous
adsorbents (selected papers).

Adsorbent Dye q max Reference

Calcium alginate beads Basic Black 57.7 [282]

Crosslinked cyclodextrin Basic Blue 9 105 [287]

Crosslinked cyclodextrin Basic Blue 9 56.5 [288]

Crosslinked cyclodextrin Basic Green 4 91.9 [290]

Crosslinked cyclodextrin Acid Blue 25 88 [289]

Crosslinked cyclodextrin Basic Violet 10 53.2 [274]

Crosslinked cyclodextrin Basic Blue 3 42.4 [274]

Crosslinked cyclodextrin Congo Red 36.2 [275]

Crosslinked cyclodextrin Basic Violet 3 35.8 [274]

Cyclodextrin/chitosan material Acid Blue 25 77.4 [291]

Cyclodextrin/chitosan material Basic Blue 9 50.12 [292]

Cotton waste Basic Red 2 875 [27]

Cotton waste Basic Blue 9 277 [27]

Cotton waste Reactive Black 5 50.9 [277]

Modified cellulose Basic Fuchsine 1155.7 [293]

Modified cellulose Basic Fuchsine 31.92 [294]

Modified cellulose Basic Blue 9 194.6 [294]

Modified cellulose Reactive Red 78 [295]

Treated cotton Acid Blue 25 589 [276]

Treated cotton Acid Yellow 99 448 [276]

Treated cotton Reactive Yellow 23 302 [276]