Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.10 Reported adsorption capacities (q max in mg g -1 ) for dye removal onto
starch-based materials (selec ted papers).
Crosslinked material
Dye
q max
Reference
Amphoteric starch
Methyl Violet
333.33
[265]
Amphoteric starch
Acid Light Yellow 2G
227.27
[265]
Amphoteric starch
Acid Red G
217.39
[265]
Amphoteric starch
Acid Yellow G
149.6
[266]
Amphoteric starch
Methyl Green
133.33
[265]
Amphoteric starch
Basic Green 4
104.75
[264]
Cationic starch
Monobasic dye
1462
[263]
Cationic starch
Acid Red 151
613
[263]
Cationic starch
Acid Blue 25
322
[259]
Cationic starch
Acid Blue 25
322
[260]
Cationic starch
Acid Blue 25
249
[267]
Cationic starch
Acid Green 25
151
[8]
Crosslinked starch
Methyl Violet
99.3
[268]
Crosslinked starch
Basic Blue 9
9.46
[269]
Grated starch
Safranine T
204
[270]
Grated starch
Basic Violet 7
8.3
[271]
Starch-based material
Brilliant Blue X-BR
122
[272]
capacities of starch for Basic Green 4 and Acid Yellow were 141.9 mg/g and
149.6 mg/g, respectively. However, it is important to note that the adsorp-
tion mechanisms are not fully understood because numerous interactions
are possible including ion-exchange, complexation, electrostatic interac-
tions, acid-base interactions, physisorption, hydrogen bonding and hydro-
phobic interactions [8,9,262]. It is possible that more than one of these
interactions can occur simultaneously depending on the composition of
the material, the dye structure and the solution conditions. Also, all the
adsorbents proposed in the literature must now be thoroughly tested on
an industrial scale.
10.12 Miscellaneous Adsorbents
Other materials have been studied as non-conventional adsorbents
such as cotton waste, cellulose, alginates, cyclodextrins, calixarenes and
 
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