Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
polymers are low-cost materials obtained from natural resources and
their use as biosorbents is extremely cost-effective. Generally, chitosan is
obtained from seafood residues (shrimp, crab, lobster…) which are abun-
dant and zero-cost materials [6,9]. Second, the biosorption capacities are
high and higher biosorption rates are found. As a consequence, the amount
of biosorbent used is reduced when compared to conventional adsorbents
and also the process is fast [66-68]. The third factor is the development of
complex materials by chitosan [69,70]. Since chitosan is versatile, it can
be manufactured into films, membranes, fibers, sponges, gels, compos-
ites, beads and nanoparticles, or supported on inert materials [66,70-73].
Table 8.4 summarizes the biosorption capacities of chitosan and chitosan-
based materials.
Dotto and Pinto [67] studied the biosorption of food dyes Acid Blue 9
and Food Yellow 3 onto chitosan. They found that the chitosan surface
was covered by food dyes and biosorption occurred by chemisorption.
Table 8.4
Biosorption capacities of chitosan and chitosan-based materials.
Chitosan based
material
Dye
pH
T (K)
Biosorption
capacity
(mg g
-1
)
Reference
Powder
FD&C Red 40
6.6
308
529.0
[59]
Powder
FD&C Yellow 5
3.0
298
350.0
[60]
Hydrogel beads
Congo Red
5.0
308
209.3
[61]
Crosslinked beads
Reactive Black 5
3.0
308
2043.1
[62]
Hydrogel composites
Acid Orange 7
2.0
298
221.1
[63]
Hydrogel composites
Methyl Orange
2.0
298
185.2
[63]
Hydrogel composites
Acid Red 18
2.0
298
342.5
[63]
Nanoparticles
Acid Orange 10
4.0
298
800.7
[64]
Nanoparticles
Acid Orange 12
4.0
298
1516.9
[64]
Nanoparticles
Acid Red 18
4.0
298
828.2
[64]
Nanoparticles
Acid Red 73
4.0
298
1185.3
[64]
Films
Acid Red 18
7.0
298
194.6
[69]
Films
FD&C Blue 2
7.0
298
154.8
[69]
Hollow fibers
Reactive Blue 19
3.5
298
454.5
[70]
Powder
Acid Blue 9
3.0
298
1134.0
[74]
Powder
FD&C Yellow 5
3.0
298
1977.0
[74]
Powder
FD&C Yellow 6
3.0
298
1684.0
[74]
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