Removal of Organic Dyes from Industrial Effluents: An Overview of Physical and Biotechnological Applications - Green Chemistry for Dyes Removal from Wastewater - page 8

Table 1.2 ( Cont .)

Class Principal substrates Method of application Chemical types

Disperse polyester, polyamide,

acetate, acrylic and
plastics

ine aqueous dispersions oten
applied by high temperature/
pressure or lower temperature
carrier methods; dye may be
padded on cloth and baked on or
thermoixed

azo, anthraquinone, styryl, nitro,
and benzodifuranone

Fluorescent
brighteners

soaps and detergents,
all ibers, oils, paints,
and plastics

from solution, dispersion or
suspension in a mass

stilbene, pyrazoles, coumarin,
and naphthalimides

Food, drug,
and cosmetic

foods, drugs, and
cosmetics

azo, anthraquinone, carotenoid
and triarylmethane

Mordant wool, leather, and

anodized aluminum

applied in conjunction with Cr salts azo and anthraquinone

Oxidation
bases

hair, fur, and cotton aromatic amines and phenols

oxidized on the substrate

aniline black and indeterminate
structures

Reactive cotton, wool, silk, and

nylon

reactive site on dye reacts with
functional group on iber to bind
dye covalently under inluence
of heat and pH (alkaline)

azo, anthraquinone,
phthalocyanine, formazan,
oxazine, and basic