Single and Hybrid Applications of Ultrasound for Decolorization and Degradation of Textile Dye Residuals in Water - Green Chemistry for Dyes Removal from Wastewater - page 276

Table 7.5 A list of US-assisted hybrid processes and some of the selected
experimental conditions for decolorization/mineralization of synthetic dye
solutions and dyebaths.

Process C.I. Generic

Name

Conditions Reference

Sonophotolysis Acid

Orange 7

520 kHz (88W), UV-254
(36-108 W) UV, pH 5.5

[27]

Direct
Yellow 68

Bath, pH 3-11, UV-254
(11 W)

[71]

Sonophoto-
ozonolysis

Acid
Orange 7

520 kHz (88 W), UV-254
(36-108 W), pH 5.5,
O 3 = 10-60 gm -3

[27]

Sono-photo-Fenton Acid Black 2 20 kHz (49W), pH 3,

UV-254 (I = 6.4

[77,80]

10 -5

Einsm -2 s -2 )

Sono-photo-
persulfate

Reactive
Violet 2

35 kHz, pH = 3.0-10, PMS/
PS 1 , UV-254 , (I = 2.12
10 -4 Eins L -1 s -1 )

[65]

Reactive
Blue 7

35 kHz, pH 3.0-10, PMS/
PS 1 , UV-254 , (I = 2.12
10 -4 Eins L -1 s -1 )

[65]

Sono-photo-catalysis Acid Black 2 20 kHz (49W), pH 3,

UV-254 (I = 6.4

[80]

10 -5

Einsm -2 s -2 ), ZnO

Sono-photo-
electrocatalysis

Reactive
Violet 2

35 kHz, pH = 3.0-10, PMS/
PS, UV-254 , (I = 2.12
10 -4 Eins L -1 s -1 )

[65]

Sono-ozonolysis Reactive

Orange7

520 kHz (88W), pH 5.5,
O 3 = 10-60 gm -3

[27]

Acid
Orange 8

300 kHz (18W), pH 5,
O 3 = 2-8 gm -3

[28]

Acid
Orange 52

20 kHz, pH 5.5, O 3 =
25-113 gm -3

[81]

Reactive
Blue 19

20 kHz (44-88 W), pH 8, [59]

Direct
Red 23

20 kHz (44-176W), pH
4-12,

[82]

Reactive
Black 5

520 kHz (25-100W), pH 7,
O 3 = 3.36 gm -3
20 kHz (44W), pH 11, O 3

[25]
[74]