Single and Hybrid Applications of Ultrasound for Decolorization and Degradation of Textile Dye Residuals in Water - Green Chemistry for Dyes Removal from Wastewater - page 272

Table 7.4 A summary of published research and some of the critical experimen-
tal conditions in decolorization of dye solutions by ultrasound.

C.I Generic Name/
Structure

Conditions Reference

Acid Orange 7/mono-azo 300 kHz (18W), 520 kHz (88 W),

air/Ar, pH 3-7
24 kHz-80 kHz/pulse

[27,42,50]

Acid Orange 8/mono-azo 300 kHz (18 W), air/Ar, pH 3-6 [42]

[28]

Acid Orange 24/mono-azo 355 kHz (18W), 520 kHz (88W),

pH 3.5-6.5

[3]

Acid Orange 52/mono-azo 200 kHz (86W), pH 2

45 kHz (40W), pH 6, CCl 4 addition

[56]

Basic Blue 3/oxazine 520 kHz (88W), air/Ar, pH 5.5-6.5 [5]

Basic Blue 24/thiazine 22.8-490 kHz (2-8W), N 2 [34]

Basic Brown 4/di-azo 520 kHz (88W), air, ph 5.5-6.5 [5]

Basic Green 4/
triphenylmethane

300 kHz (20-100W), air/Ar,
pH 5.5-6.5

[57]

Basic Violet 3/
triarylmethane

300 kHz (20-80W), pH 2-7 [48]

Basic Violet 10/xanthene 300 kHz (60W), pH 8.3 [58]

Direct Yellow 9/mono-azo 20 kHz (37W), CCl 4 addition, air,

pH 6.9
577-1145 kHz (40-49 W), air,
pH 6.9

[29]

Reactive Black 5/di-azo 520 kHz (88W), air/Ar, pH 5.5-6.5 [5]

Reactive Orange 16/
mono-azo

300 kHz (18W), air, pH 3-9.5 [41]

Reactive Blue 19/
triarylmethane

20 kHz, pH 2-10 [59]

Reactive Red 22/mono-azo 200 kHz (86W), air/Ar, pH 2-6.5 [35]

Reactive Red 24/mono-azo 28 kHz, pH 1-10 [60]

Reactive Red 141/mono-azo 520 kHz (88W), air/Ar, pH 5.5-6.5

20 kHz (37W), 577, 861, 1145 kHz
(40-49W) air, pH 5.5-6.9

[27]
[29]

Reactive Red 195/mono-azo 20 kHz (20-60W), pH 7.0 [61]