Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1
Removal of Organic Dyes from Industrial
Effluents: An Overview of Physical and
Biotechnological Applications
Mehtap Ejder-Korucu
1
, Ahmet Gürses*
,2
, Çetin Doğar
3
,
Sanjay K. Sharma
4
and Metin Açıkyıldız
5
1
1Kafkas University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry,
Kars, Turkey
2
Ataturk University, K.K. Education Faculty, Department of Chemistry,
Erzurum, Turkey
3
Erzincan University, Education Faculty, Department of Science Education,
Erzincan, Turkey
4
Green Chemistry & Sustainability Research Group, Department of Chemistry,
JECRC University, Jaipur, India
5
Kilis 7 Aralık University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry,
Kilis, Turkey
Abstract
The textile industry produces a large amount of dye effluents, which are highly
toxic as they contain a large number of metal complex dyes. The use of synthetic
chemical dyes in various industrial processes, including paper and pulp manu-
facturing, plastics, dyeing of cloth, leather treatment and printing has increased
considerably over the last few years, resulting in the release of dye-containing
industrial effluents into the soil and aquatic ecosystems. The textile industry gen-
erates highly polluted wastewater and its treatment is a very serious problem due
to high total dissolved solids (TDS), the presence of toxic heavy metals and the
non-biodegradable nature of the dyestuffs present in the effluents. There are many
processes available for the removal of dyes by conventional treatment technologies
including biological and chemical oxidation, coagulation and adsorption, but they
cannot be effectively used individually.
Many approaches, including physical, chemical and/or biological processes
have been used in the treatment of industrial wastewater containing dye, but such
