Real-Time Space-Time Integration in GIScience and Geography - Space-Time Integration in Geography and GIScience - page 398

is a brief summary of key real-time space-time research and development agenda
items that I believe warrant special attention and focus.

21.4.1 Temporal Scale

We should address temporal scale with the same degree of attention paid to spatial
scale. Metadata frameworks for spatial-temporal data need to be developed to
accommodate varying time systems. Efficient methods for integrating important
legacy temporal databases that are at widely varying temporal scales (temporal data
conversion) are needed.

21.4.2 Space-Time Models

We should inventory and assess existing space/time data structures and analysis
models as found in different application domains, identify commonalities across
those domains and models, and seek integration across domains. We should also
identify the exceptions and outliers, and seek separate but linked solutions for these.
Substantial funding from the National Science Foundation should be directed to the
development of more sophisticated “now-casting” capabilities, as well as predictive
and forecasting models which incorporate the growing wealth of RTI GPS/GIS
spatiotemporal data.

21.4.3 Ontology-Based Frameworks

Ontological frameworks (or data dictionaries) to guide the development of real-
time space-time research should link the properties of data and task characteristics
to functional capabilities of visualization and analytical techniques to indicate
fruitful chains/workflows of real-time spatial-temporal analysis operations. These
frameworks will likely become key contributions to knowledge about the practice of
spatial-temporal analysis. Workshops, interactive forums, and publications should
be organized to develop shared frameworks.

Kwan ( 2004 ), Cressie and Wikle ( 2011 ), Miller ( 2004 ), Peuquet ( 2002 )andYuan( 1996 ), and
with broader treatments by Hawking ( 1988 ), Hägerstrand ( 1970 ), and Kennedy ( 2002 ).