Space-Time Behavior Research and Application in China - Space-Time Integration in Geography and GIScience - page 28

Fig. 3.4 Temporal rhythm of daily activities in Shenzhen (Source: Gong et al. 2000 , 64)

facilities (Bjorklund 1986 ;Bray 2005 ). Chai's early research has concluded that in
the socialist era, the daily activity space was limited to danwei compounds, a self-
contained territorial unit in Chinese cities characterized by a mixture of workplaces,
housing, and services (e.g., Chai 1996 ). As this danwei -based spatial organization
was gradually dismantled due to the land and housing marketization of the 1990s,
mono-functional, zoning-based land use planning began dominating Chinese cities.
Using data derived from activity diary survey in Beijing, Liu et al. ( 2009 )and
Zhang and Chai ( 2009 ) confirmed longer home-work distance and commuting
time for residents in commodity housing neighborhoods compared to those in
danwei compounds. Using a structural equation model, Wang and Chai ( 2009 )and
Wang et al. ( 2011b ) have further tested the causal links among sources of housing