Quantitative Analysis of Climate Change and Human Crises in History - Space-Time Integration in Geography and GIScience - page 250

Fig. 14.6 Responses of
different variables in human
society to climate change in
Europe in AD 1500-1800. ( a )
Northern Hemisphere
temperature anomaly ( ı C, red
line ) and Europe temperature
anomaly ( , black line ). ( b )
Ratio of grain yield to seed
( red line ) and Northern
Hemisphere extra-tropical
tree-ring widths ( black line ).
( c ) Detrended grain price
(Ag/L, red line )and
detrended agricultural
production index ( black line ).
( d ) Detrended wage index ( ,
red line ) and number of
famine years per decade
( black line ). ( e ) Number of
wars ( red line ) and magnitude
of social disturbances ( black
line ). ( f ) Detrended human
height (in cm, red line )and
number of plagues per decade
( black line ). ( g ) War fatality
index ( red line ) and number
of migrations per quarter
century ( black line ). ( h )
Detrended population size (in
millions, red line )and
population growth rate (%,
black line ). All data have
been smoothed by 40-year
Butterworth low-pass filter.
The blue shading represents
the crisis period (Cold Phase),
and the blue dashed line
represents short-term cooling
(Color figure online)