Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Agent
,and
Vehicle. Happening
refers to the dynamic processes that occur during
hazards.
Event
, is a subclass of
Happening
, and is associated with six subclasses
NaturalHazard
,
MeteorologicalPhenomena
,
Prediction
,
HazardThreat
,
Response,
and
Recovery
. Four subclasses are subsumed by class
NaturalHazard
including
Climatic Hazard, GeologicalHazard, HydrologicalHazard,
and
WildfireHazard.
MeteorologicalPhenomena
subsumes weather classes including
Lightning, Thunder,
Rain,
and
Wind
.
Prediction
,
HazardThreat
,
Response,
and
Recovery
are related to classes of activ-
ities associated with hazards from a human perspective.
HazardThreat
subsumes
subclasses
Injury, Fatality, HouseDamage, SchoolClosed, AirportClosed,
and
Road-
Closed. Rescue, Evacuation, Search,
and
FoodDelivery
are subclasses of
Response
.
The hazard ontology is imported into GATE. By integrating gazetteers and
ontologies, dynamics
and
semantic information about hazard events occurring at
different locations is automatically extracted from news reports. Combining seman-
tic information with the spatiotemporal mapped representation reveals the different
kinds of events that unfold over space and time. The underlying relations (e.g., hier-
archical relations) between events can be represented on maps, and with the rela-
tions, users can better comprehend details about the events described in documents.
Figure
10.6
shows the text terms associated with different classes in the
ontology that are extracted from a news report about tornadoes in the Midwest
Fig. 10.6
Text terms from the news report about tornadoes that struck Oklahoma, US on April 15,
2012
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