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Pakistan and in south-eastern Afghanistan. A similar reduction in precipita-
tion is projected for the southern and eastern Tibetan Plateau and for the
central Himalayan range. Increases in the range of 20 to 30% are projected
for the western Himalayan Kunlun Shan range and Tien Shan range (Rupa
Kumar et al., 2006) (Table 19.4a).
TABLE 19.4A
Regional Mean Maximum Temperature Trends in Nepal from 1977-2000
(°C per year)
Region
Seasonal
Annual
Winter
(Dec-Feb)
Pre-mon-
soon (Mar-
May)
Monsoon
(Jun-Sep)
Post-mon-
soon (Oct-
Nov)
(Jan-Dec)
Trans-Himalayas
0.12
0.01
0.11
0.1
0.09
Himalayas
0.09
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.06
Middle Mountains
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.09
0.08
Siwaliks
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.08
0.04
Terai
0.01
0
0.01
0.07
0.04
All Nepal
0.06
0.03
0.051
0.08
0.06
Source: updated from Shrestha et al. (1999).
There is a major need for more research on Himalayan precipitation
processes, as most studies have excluded the Himalayan region due to the
region's extreme, complex topography and lack of adequate rain-gage data
(Shrestha et al., 2000) (Table 19.4b).
TABLE 19.4B Average annual increase in temperature at different altitudes on the
Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas 1961-1990 (°C per decade)
Altitude (m)
No. of
stations
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
Annual average
change
<500
34
-0.18
-0.07
0.08
0.16
0.00
500-1500
37
-0.11
-0.02
0.16
0.42
0.11
1500-2500
26
-0.17
0.03
0.15
0.46
0.12
2500-3500
38
-0.01
0.02
0.19
0.63
0.19
>3500
30
0.12
0.14
0.28
0.46
0.25
 
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