Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
16.11
BIOCONTROL AGENTS
Biocontrol strategy has made much progress during the last decade. At
present, several biocontrol treatments have been approved for commercial
applications, and now research is focused on improving the bioefficacy of
the antagonist. One of the approaches has been the selection of combina-
tions of antagonists, whichmay work more effectively (Barkai-Golan and
Phillip, 2001). It is a very challenging work, as microorganisms have dif-
ferential growth habits, requirements for nutrition and cultural conditions.
Naturally occurring micro organisms, which are found to be adhered on
the fruits and vegetables surface have been shown potential to protect the
fresh produce against postharvest disease causing pathogens. During last
decade several products viz . Serenade ( Bacillus subtilis based) , Messen-
ger ( Erwinia amylovora based) , Biosave ( Pseudomonas syringae strain
10 LP), Aspire ( Candida oleophila strain 1-18) , AQ-10 bio-fungicide
( Ampelomyces quisqualis ) have been isolatedand registered in the United
States and Germany (Fravel, 2005; Zhao et al., 2007). Use of some safe
bioactive compounds have been proved beneficial in bringing down the
pathological activities in fruits during transportation, storage and minimiz-
ing the over all qualitative and quantitative losses (Table 16.3).
TABLE 16.3
Microbial Antagonists Used for the Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruit
Antagonists
Disease (Pathogen)
Fruit crops
Bacillus subtilis
Brown rot ( Lasiodiplodia theobromae ),
Gray mold ( Botrytis cinerea ), Green mold
( Penicillium digitatum ), Stem end rot
( Botryodiplodia theobromae ), Alternaria
rot ( Alternaria alternata )
Apricot,
strawberry,
citrus, avocado,
cherry, Litchi
Bacillus licheniformis
Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum gloeosporioi-
des ), stem end rot ( Dothiorella gregaria )
Mango
Trichoderma viride
Green mold ( Penicillium digitatum ), Stem-
end rot ( Botryodiplodia theobromae ), Gray
mold ( Botrytis cinerea )
Citrus, mango,
strawberry
Pseudomonas syringae
Blue mold ( Penicillium expansum ), Green
and blue mold ( Penicillium digitatum and
P. italicum ), Gray mold ( Botrytis cinerea ),
Brown rot ( Monilinia laxa )
Apple, citrus,
peach
 
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