Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
tures during harvesting increased rotting by 0.2% for every 1 °C rise in
temperature in field during harvesting season. Higher the temperature and
more the delay in cooling, more is the decay during storage (McCarthy,
2009). Unseasonal rainfall during harvesting increased inoculum and stor-
age decay (Smilanick and Margosan, 2002)
15.5.6 BANANA
Climate change has positive effect on banana and number of leaves pro-
duced by the plant are higher with highertemperature and that increased
production (Singh et al., 2010). Higher temperature with reduced RH de-
creased incidence of leaf spot under subhumid climate.
15.5.7 CITRUS
In citrus grown under higher temperatures, color development is poor with
less acidity. Cool temperatures also have adverse effects. During develop-
ment of Satsuma mandarin (
Citrus unshiu
Marc.), lower temperaturecan
limit the total soluble solids: titratable acidity ratio of fruit. This delays
harvesting season and number of fruit that meet maturity criteria. Higher/
rising temperatures significantly affect size and composition of Satsuma
mandarins through changes in vascular transport capacity, ability to at-
tract carbohydrates (sink strength), duration of growth stages and parti-
tioning of carbohydrates in fruit. Richardson et al. (2000) studied effect of
increased temperature on Satsuma mandarin under controlled conditions
in New Zealand. Raising maximum temperatures by 5 °C during early
fruit development consistently increased final fruit volume by 50% and
elevated sugars and TSS in juice sacs (TSS:TA ratio of 12.3 vs. 7.7 in con-
trol). These effects were due toboth an advance in fruit development and a
greater capacity of fruit to import photosynthates. This can be considered
as a positive effect of higher temperatures in the event of global warming
on some citrus cvs. in New Zealand.
Kinnow mandarin, sweet oranges and other citrus grown in north-west
parts of India (Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan) are prone to chilling tem-
perature. Most citrus is mature during December-January and increasing
frost incidence in recent times caused freezing and hardening of some
fruit. Hailstorms just before harvesting season in February-March has be-
