Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 11.1
(Continued)
% Share of spices to
Horticultural Crops
of the State
% Share of spices
to
total spices in
India
Spices
STATE/UT'S
Area
Production
Area
Production
Area
Produc-
tion
147.0
199.2
11.7
2.0
5.65
4.86
orissa
0.1
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.00
0.01
pondicherry
5.2
23.7
2.2
0.6
0.20
0.58
punjab
556.4
520.6
60.4
28.3
21.37
12.69
rajasthan
34.0
42.4
53.7
27.8
1.31
1.03
sikkim
126.8
279.2
10.4
1.4
4.87
6.81
tamilnadu
4.5
9.4
5.7
1.0
0.17
0.23
tripura
uttar
pradesh
56.8
166.9
3.8
0.7
2.18
4.07
3.3
2.9
1.2
0.2
0.13
0.07
uttranchal
west
bengal
79.0
114.4
4.8
0.4
3.03
2.79
total
(
all
india
)
2603.2
4102.8
13.0
2.0
100.00
100.00
Area
('000
ha); Production ('000 tons); Source: National Horticultural Board, Gurgaon.
11.2.1 CLIMATE CHANGE AND PEPPER PRODUCTION
W.R.T. RAINFALL
Black pepper is mainly grown as rainfed crop in India. Hence, total rainfall
and its distribution play an important role in pepper cultivation and its pro-
ductivity. In pepper growing areas of Indonesia and Malaysia (Sarawak)
the average annual rainfall is 2300 mm (Wahid and Sitepu, 1987) and 3950
mm, respectively (De Waard, 1969). In India, pepper-growing areas re-
ceive 1500 to more than 4000 mm rainfall. Annual rainfall of 2000 mm
with uniform distribution is ideal for pepper. Premonsoon and early mon-
soon seems to be very important for pepper from the point of new flush,
flower initiation as well as yield. It is reported that rainfall during premon-
soon period (March-April) is positively correlated with pepper productiv-
ity and that of December rainfall is negatively correlated (Krishnamurthy
