Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
humidity, that is, March-August. Early cauliflower variety, Pusa Meghna
has been developed which can form curd at high temperature.
One early cauliflower variety Sabour Agrim has been released at State
level by Bihar Agricultural University that can produce compact white
curd at high temperatures.
These varieties can be used directly for mitigating the effect of high
temperatures as well as for future breeding programs. Since heat stress
also causes higher infestation of disease-pest, there is a need to disease and
pest resistance in heat tolerant lines through gene pyramiding using wild
relatives for their wide adaptability.
10.7
MOLECULAR AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES
Recent genetic researches and endeavors to induce high-temperature resis-
tance in vegetable crops with the use of conventional breeding approaches
and transgenic attributes have vastly detected the polygenic nature of heat
stress resistance. Various ingredients of resistance, handled by various sets
of genes are vital for heat resistance at various steps of crop growth or
in diverse tissues (Bohnert et al., 2006; Howarth, 2005). Therefore, the
use of genetic stocks with diverse levels of heat resistance, cosegregation
and correlation analyzes, molecular biology methods, molecular mark-
ers and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are promising attributes to detect
the genetic source of thermo-resistance (Maestri et al., 2002). Recently,
biotechnology has assisted substantially to a proper understanding of the
genetic source of heat resistance. Various genes, which are responsible for
inducing the HSPs synthesis, have been detected and secluded in diverse
crop species, involving maize and tomato (Liu et al., 2006; Momcilovic
and Ristic, 2007; Sun et al., 2006). It has also been exhibited that tomato
MT-sHSP has a molecular chaperone role in vitro (Liu and Shono, 1999).
Recently it has been reported that MT-sHSP gene shows thermo-resistance
in transformed tobacco with the tomato MT-sHSP gene (Sanmiya et al.,
2004) at the crop level.
Recent widely studied molecular approaches have included omics
techniques and the development of transgenic plants through manipula-
tion of target genes (Kosová et al., 2011; Duque et al., 2013; Schöffl et
al., 1999). Investigation of these underlying molecular processes may pro-
vide ways to develop stress tolerant varieties and to grow them under heat
stress conditions.
