Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Important Terms
asthenosphere (p. 17)
Big Bang (p. 12)
core (p. 17)
crust (p. 18)
fossil (p. 23)
geologic time scale (p. 23)
geology (p. 4)
hypothesis (p. 7)
igneous rock (p. 20)
Jovian planets (p. 13)
lithosphere (p. 18)
mantle (p. 17)
metamorphic rock (p. 20)
mineral (p. 18)
organic evolution (p. 21)
plate (p. 18)
plate tectonic theory (p. 18)
principle of uniformitarianism (p. 23)
rock (p. 18)
rock cycle (p. 20)
scientifi c method (p. 7)
sedimentary rock (p. 20)
solar nebula theory (p. 13)
system (p. 4)
terrestrial planets (p. 13)
theory (p. 6)
Review Questions
1. The change in frequency of a sound wave caused by
movement of its source relative to an observer is
known as the
a. _____ Curie point;
b. _____ Hubble shift;
c. _____ Doppler effect;
d. _____ Quasar force;
e. _____ none of these.
2. Rocks that result from the alteration of other rocks,
usually beneath the surface, by heat, pressure, and the
chemical activity of fl uids are
a. _____ igneous;
b. _____ sedimentary;
c. _____ metamorphic;
d. _____ volcanic;
e. _____ answers a and d.
3. The study of the origin and evolution of Earth is
a. _____ astronomy;
b. _____ historical geology;
c. _____ astrobiology;
d. _____ physical geology;
e. _____ paleontology.
4. That all living organisms are the descendents of dif-
ferent life-forms that existed in the past is the central
claim of
a. _____ the principle of fossil succession;
b. _____ plate tectonics;
c. _____ the principle of uniformitarianism;
d. _____ organic evolution;
e. _____ none of these.
5. The movement of plates is thought to result from
a. _____ density differences between the inner and
outer core;
b. _____ rotation of the mantle around the core;
c. _____ gravitational forces;
d. _____ the Coriolis effect;
e. _____ convection cells.
6. A combination of related parts interacting in an
organized fashion is
a. _____ a cycle;
b. _____ a theory;
c. _____ uniformitarianism;
d. _____ a hypothesis;
e. _____ a system.
7. Which of the following statements about a scientifi c
theory is not true?
a. _____ It is an explanation for some natural
phenomenon;
b. _____ Predictive statements can be derived from it;
c. _____ It is a conjecture or guess;
d. _____ It has a large body of supporting evidence;
e. _____ It is testable.
8. What two observations lead scientists to conclude that the
Big Bang occurred approximately 14 billion years ago?
a. _____ A steady-state universe and 2.7 K background
radiation;
b. _____ A steady-state universe and opaque back-
ground radiation;
c. _____ An expanding universe and opaque back-
ground radiation;
d. _____ An expanding universe and 2.7 K background
radiation;
e. _____ A shrinking universe and opaque background
radiation.
9. The concentric layer that makes up most of Earth's
volume is the
a. _____ inner core;
b. _____ outer core;
c. _____ mantle;
d. _____ asthenosphere;
e. _____ crust.
10. The premise that present-day processes have operated
throughout geologic time is the principle of
a. _____ organic evolution;
b. _____ plate tectonics;
c. _____ uniformitarianism;
d. _____ geologic time;
e. _____ scientifi c deduction.
11. Using plate movement as the driving mechanism of
the rock cycle, explain how the three rock groups are
related and how each rock group can be converted into
a different rock group.
Search WWH ::




Custom Search