Glaciers and Glaciation - The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution - page 380

8. A bowl-shaped depression on a mountainside at the
upper end of a valley glacier is a/an
a. _____ horn;
b. _____ cirque;
c. _____ valley train;
d. _____ arête;
e. _____ end moraine.
9. An ice-scoured plain is a/an
a. _____ subdued landscape resulting from erosion by a
continental glacier;
b. _____ vast area covered by outwash deposits;
c. _____ deposit made up of alternating light and dark
layers of clay;
d. _____ region with numerous kames, drumlins, and
eskers;
e. _____ mountain range that has been deeply eroded
by valley glaciers.
10. Boulders deposited by glaciers far from their source are
known as
a. _____ fi rns;
b. _____ horns;
c. _____ erratics;

d. _____ varves;
e. _____ arêtes.
11. How is it possible for glacial ice, which is solid, to fl ow?
12. Draw side views of a drumlin and a roche moutonnée,
indicate the direction of ice fl ow, and explain how
each forms.
13. A valley glacier has a cross sectional area of 400,000 m 2
and a fl ow velocity of 2 m per day. How long will it take for
1 km 3 of ice to move past a given point?
14. Explain how a glacier can erode below sea level but
streams and rivers cannot.
15. How does the Milankovitch theory explain the onset of
Pleistocene episodes of glaciation?
16. What kinds of evidence would indicate that an ice-free
area was once covered by glacial ice?
17. What are glacial surges and what might cause one to
occur?
18. Explain in terms of a glacial budget how a once-active
glacier becomes stagnant.
19. How do valley glaciers, continental glaciers, and ice
caps differ?
20. Identify the glacial features indicated in the image
below and explain how they form.