Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Scarp
Slumping
Fractures
Earthflow
To e
Figure 11.22 Complex
Movement A complex movement
is one in which several types of
mass wasting are involved. In this
example, slumpling occurs at the
head, followed by an earthfl ow.
Soil
Slump block
Surface of
rupture
33
Water
34
332
101
693
San C leme n t e
18
400
San
Clemente
Pier
3
120
114
190
Horizontal contact between rocks
of different stability. Tick marks are
toward more easily eroded rocks.
Erosional undermining may cause
oversteepening of more resistant
rocks, leading to landsliding.
9
Yungay
Ranrahirca
Relative areal stability
Decreasing stability
N
Relatively stable
Relatively unstable
0
300
900
1500 m
Figure 11.24 Slope-Stability Map This slope-stability map of
part of San Clemente, California, shows areas delineated according
to relative stability. Such maps help planners and developers make
decisions about where to site roads, utility lines, buildings, and
other structures.
Figure 11.23 Debris Avalanche An earthquake 65 km away
triggered this debris avalanche on Nevado Huascarán, Peru, that
destroyed the towns of Yungay and Ranrahirca and killed more than
25,000 people.
 
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