Impact of Particular Indicators of Urban Development of Cities in the Czech Republic on Average Road Traffic Intensity - Geoinformatics for Intelligent Transportation - page 78

climate change. If we want to keep the economy on its trend with the support of
transportation, we have to deal with the reduction of energy and emissions in
transportation, although this problem is very tough, some small successes have
happened.
The trend of the growth of road traf

c, which has been increasing, is unsus-
tainable [ 6 ]. As a solution, they suggest reducing energy consumption based on a
change of travel habits (shorter distances and slower speeds, with a more flexible

interpretation of time constraints) with regard to the land use planning. The solution
of the low carbon transport system is outlined in Banister et al. [ 7 ] so as behavioural
options and possible demand reductions.
The link between land use planning and energy consumption can be presented
with convincible data in scienti

fl

cult is to
determine the relation between land use and the consumption of energy in trans-
portation with regard to social economic powers. Regression analysis shows that
variable values of urban forms can contribute to change transportation energy
consumption by 10 %. Therefore the knowledge of the consequential bene

c outputs. However, they show how dif

ts (e.g.

of energy saving or quality improvement of the environment) is needed.
Some other authors focus on this topic from the point of view of commuting.
Ma, Banister [ 8 ] deal with commuting and its ef

ciency linked to the urban form.
They take into account excess-commuting (additional journey-to-work travel rep-
resented by the difference between the actual average commute and the smallest
possible average commute, given the spatial con guration of workplaces and res-

idential sites). Another type of analysis is an analysis of urban expansion by the
gradient analysis of multi-temporal data and in c[ 9 ].

Smart Growth is a current analysis looking for decisions in smart planning, where
the fact how land use plans will affect road traf

fl uence of road traf

c intensity is known. The analysis
includes an integration of different land uses in closer proximity by promoting higher
densities with a mixture of land uses, revitalization of cities, protection of sensitive
or classic environments (e.g. farm, open space), etc. It can be shown as an example
of locating houses, shops and of ces in their common neighbourhood. This approach

improves access for residents and employees and allows lowering of road traf

c

intensity. This is a typical scale of New Urbanism [ 3 ].
To successful solve this problem, cooperation between many branches must be
analysed (economics, planning, technological innovations, etc.) [ 3 , 5 ]. Jacobson [ 3 ]
highlighted the cooperation between local and county governments.

3 Data

3.1 Spatial Data

The data which were used in the project were spatial and non-spatial. The spatial
data had two different sources. One of them were the statistical data of the Czech
Of

ce of Survey, Mapping and Cadastre (COSMOC). The data are regularly