Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Keywords National roads
Renewable energy sources
Photovoltaics
GIS
tools
Road safety
Intelligent transport system
1 Introduction
During the times of progressing socioeconomic development and general globali-
sation, mobility and possibility of development of modern, safe, productive and
natural environment friendly transport system is the key issue. According to Ko
lak
[ 1 ], transport systems development must consider the need for increasing effec-
tiveness of their operation coupled with limiting the negative consequences of
transport development. According to the Strategy of Transport Development by
2020 [ 2 ], increasing territorial access and improving safety of traf
ź
c participants as
well as transport sector effectiveness improvement by establishing a consistent and
user friendly transport system in the national (local), European and global dimen-
sion is the main objective of the national transport policy. Implementation of the
intelligent transport system is such a solution very strongly supported by the
European Union.
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are advanced applications which without
embodying intelligence as such aim to provide innovative services relating to
different modes of transport and traf
c management and enable various users to be
better informed and make safer, more coordinated and
use of transport
networks [ 3 ]. ITS represent a combination of IT and communication solutions with
transport infrastructure and vehicles aiming at safety improvement. They also
increase the effectiveness of transport processes and natural environment protection.
In the ITS, de
'
smarter
'
ning the subjects of transport is important. As presented by
Wydro [ 4 ], they include: (1) direct transport infrastructure users, (2) travellers,
pedestrians and passengers, (3) means of transport, (4) roads and their direct
environment, (5) institutions and organisations (including, among others, road
infrastructure administration, business
infrastructure users, infrastructure con-
struction and maintenance companies), (6) providers of complementary services
(e.g. motels, restaurants, vehicle service points), (7) institutions assuring order and
safety (e.g. police, border guards, emergency medical services, property protection),
(8) public administration.
Overcoming geographic barriers to make integration between all subjects
involved in transport possible is one of the tasks of the European Union Cohesion
Policy that could be accomplished with the help of ITS. This is also the appropriate
direction for a better use of the economic potential of regions.
In Poland, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are usually implemented with the
aid of the European Union funds of the Operational Programme Infrastructure and
Environment (the subsidy is up to 85 % of the investment project value) and
Operational Programme Development of Eastern Poland. Construction of new
roads or modernisation of the existing ones is the best moment for implementation
of such solutions.
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