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information about public transport connections between each pair. A municipality is
de
ned by the main public transport stop suggested by the valid time tables. The
database contains travel time, number of changes, price and existence of return
connection for each combination of municipalities and
five time intervals (to 6, 7, 8,
14 and 22 o
'
clock) which de
ne the beginnings of three work shifts. Each public
transport connection must ful
l these criterias: (1) the Euclidean distance between
municipalities is less than 100 km; (2) the duration is less than 90 min; (3) number of
changes is 5 and smaller; (4) arrival time cannot be earlier than 60 min before; and
(5) departure time from commuter
'
s residence cannot be earlier than 120 min before
arrival (more in [ 15 , 16 ]).
Valid timetables have been used to search all public transport connections using
buses and trains (no urban transport) for the 8 March 2011 (similar date as the
decisive moment of census). For the municipality level, the database contains
12,579,133 combinations with further information of transport connections to 6, 7,
8, 14 and 22 o
clock. From this volume, 721,826 combinations have at least one
connection for at least one commuting time.
'
3 Modal Split of Commuting
Following Rodrigue et al. [ 17 ]wede
ne modal split or mode share as the proportion
of trips that is made by each transport mode. Compared to the modal options in our
data set, census results in general distinguish 14 different modal options including
their combinations. From the public transport modes bus is used for commuting with
18.8 %, following by urban transport with 6.6 % and train with 6.2 %. The most
often, commuters are using car as drivers with 36.3 % and as passengers as 7.6 %.
The other individual transport modes have only negligible usage
motorbikes with
0.1 %, bicycle with 1.4 %. Combination of different transport modes are not as
common as was expected with the highest share of bus and urban transport com-
bination (3.3 %) and train and urban transport with 2.6 %. Other combinations have
the share below 2 % and about 10 % of commuters did not respond this answer.
For the needs of this paper, we work with modi
ed data set from census as
speci
ed above and only domestic daily commuting is analysed. For all of 935,186
daily commuters, 1,283,421 cases of transport option uses are stored in the data set.
This inconsistency is explained above. Transport options have been aggregated to
two groups. First group consists of 803,601 users (63 %) of cars as driver; cars as
passenger; motorcycles and bicycles and is named as individual transport and the
second group is named as public transport and consists of 479,820 users (37 %) of
trains; buses and vehicles of urban public transport. Daily commuters prefer indi-
vidual transport compared to general commuting with the share about 51 %.
The spatial variability of individual transport share is high with east-west gra-
dient as it is portrayed in the map (Fig. 1 ). The spatial variability in case of public
transport share is inverted. No employee is commuting or no given transport option
is in case of 561 municipalities from 6,251 of municipalities in the Czech Republic.
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