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Demand and Supply of Transport
Connections for Commuting
in the Czech Republic
Igor Ivan and Ji
ř
í
Hor
á
k
Abstract The question of modal split or modal share for commuting is still very
relevant topic in the studies of transport issues. This paper deals with evaluating of
real demands for individual and public transport using for daily commuting
between municipalities in the Czech Republic based on data from census 2011.
Results discover a strong relationship between individual transport use and geo-
graphical location. The highest share of individual transport is in western areas and
less populated municipalities. Concurrently the public transport supply is analysed
based on data from the Database of public transport connections which has been
developing by authors since 2007. Comparing evaluated transport demand and
supply, all municipalities are divided into 12 categories. Various demographical
(age, education, population) and geographical (altitude, area, distance to regional
and national borders, x and y coordinates) factors including commuting time are
studied and discussed in four most extreme groups. Typically small demand and
small supply for public transport is correlated with high car ownership index, small
number of residents, and closeness of regional borders (internal peripheries).
Keywords Commuting
Public transport
Individual transport
Modal split
1 Introduction
The decision of mode choice remains a crucial issue in studying transport geog-
raphy. However some countries have been successful in shifting car users onto
public transport, others are struggling despite their effort to make public transport
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