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accessibility level were recorded in 2010, when a temporary increase of return
connections was discovered in some regions. Similar development was recognised
also in other time intervals except of commuting to 3rd work shift where the
accessibility was signi
cantly decreased in the Moravia-Silesian region and in the
central Moravia part, nevertheless their accessibility is still on a good level com-
paring to other parts of the country.
5 Conclusion
The accessibility evaluation for public transport is based on commuting to work
conditions in Czech municipalities.
The transport connections are searched in valid time schedules of buses and
trains. The client-server architecture is adopted and client part consists of dozens of
computers equipped with SW application TRAM. Parallel processing using multi-
core processors effectively process more than 6 million of combinations for com-
muting between municipalities. The commuting time for connection search is
limited to several selected time intervals. Commuting for three work shifts is tested
(1st work shift with 3 possible starting times). Also possibility of suitable return
journey (from work place to residence) is taken into account.
Three indicators are used for the analysis. The rate of accessible municipalities is
de
ned as the ratio between the number of accessible municipalities and the number
of all municipalities tested for commuting at certain time in case of one-way
travelling. The rate of missing return connection expresses the chance of suitable
return after the work shift back to the residential municipality. The rate of both-way
accessible municipalities provides information about the relative number of
accessible municipalities for both-way commuting at a certain time. Indicators are
calculated for each municipality and then aggregated to districts (LAU1) or regions
(NUTS3).
The evaluation results prove the signi
cant differences between analysed time
slots used for commuting. Rates of accessible municipalities for the Czech Republic
is almost the same for two early morning intervals, while 1 h later the rate is
dramatically decreased to 46 % of the previous value. In the lunch time the indi-
cator rises again. Its value for evening hours falls down to 26 % of the morning
value.
It indicates, the traditional commuting pattern (go to the work early in the
morning) still persists in time schedules and
flexible working hours or part-time
jobs are still not adequately supported by public transport operators.
The analysis of regional differences in accessibility changes according com-
muting times shows that in all districts the accessibility for late morning is
decreased (compare to early morning) except of Prague and surrounding districts.
The most dramatic drop of accessibility (more than 4 times) is recognised in the
central part of the country (border parts for Vyso
fl
č
ina, South Moravia, South
Bohemia and Pardubice regions).
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