Time of Day Dependency of Public Transport Accessibility in the Czech Republic - Geoinformatics for Intelligent Transportation - page 92

reach activities or destinations by means of a (combination of) transport mode(s) ”

[ 1 ]. Overall, no accessibility measure including all criteria exists [ 2 ]. Geurs and
Wee [ 3 ] identi

ed four basic types of accessibility measures:

1. Infrastructure-based measures are used for evaluation of the performance or
service level of transport infrastructure. Measures like

“ level of congestion ” or

“ average travelling speed on the road network ” or “ public transport stop

[ 4 ] are frequently utilized in transport planning.
2. Location-based measures are applied for analysing accessibility at locations.
Typically the neighbourhood of the locality is searched for relevant objects (i.e.
locations of services), connectivity between the evaluated location and each
found object is measured and partial results are aggregated. Examples are

accessibility ”

“ total

shopping area within 1 km diameter from a residence ” or “ number of jobs

available within 1 h limit of journey from a residence ” . These measures are

preferred in geographical studies or urban planning.
3. Person-based measures evaluate accessibility at the individual level and focus
on limitations of individual

' s freedom of action in the environment in the

context of space time geography [ 5 ]. These may include series of locations

(visited by the person), duration of mandatory activities in these locations, the
time budgets for

-

fl flexible activities and other conditions like capacity or speed of

transport system.
4. Utility-based measures may analyse and evaluate economic benefits that people
collect by utilisation of the spatially distributed activities.

The second group summarizes rates of the level of connectivity among given
locations.
One of the possibilities to measure the connectivity (location-based measure) is
to calculate frequencies of transit connections or vehicles i.e. Cebollada [ 6 ]. Such
analyses are quite popular

[ 7 ], Marada et al. [ 8 ] evaluate public
transport time schedules for 2000 and 2006 years using weighted frequency of
connections. For the urban environment, Kri

— i.e. H ů rsk ý

an [ 9 ] uses the number of city
transport links in Bratislava. Recently, usually the frequency of bus/train arrives for
each stop is used [ 10 , 11 ]. Nevertheless, the frequency measures cannot cover all
aspects. Such indicators do not provide any evaluation of requirements or travel
costs expressed in time, distance or monetary cost. To measure accessibility level of
a locality or to offer well accessible services, it is necessary to track each possible
connection, recognise and record its parameters and evaluate the accessibility or
connectivity between places by the process of selection and aggregation of possible
individual journeys.
Evaluation of location-based measures of accessibility depends on adjustment of
parameters of the established transport model. Usually following parameters are
required: origin, destination, travel limits (i.e. maximal duration of the journey,
maximal distance, maximal number of changes) and also time settings need to be
speci

ž

ed (time intervals to start and to finish the journey).

cantly depends on the purpose of commuting
[ 12 ]. This study is focused on commuting to work, thus according to country-wide

The accessibility evaluation signi