Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
12.9 SUMMARY
Bioactive glass foam scaffolds have the potential to improve performance
of bioceramic bone grafts, but no bioceramics will ever fulfil all the cri-
teria for an ideal scaffold. Inorganic-organic hybrids have the potential
to be tough bioactive and biodegradable scaffolds. A massive challenge
is expanding this technology to regenerate load-bearing skeletal compo-
nents such as the hip. Replacing metals as load-bearing devices is the
ultimate, but perhaps unachievable, goal. Tissue engineering approaches
are not yet widely used in the clinic, except that surgeons often mix
blood and bone marrow with implants, hoping to activate some stem
cells already belonging to the patient. Incorporating osteoprogenitor
cells within scaffolds may be the best solution if healthy bone is to be
achieved in large defects.
FURTHER READING
Porous Bioceramics
Hing, K.A., Revell, P.A., Smith, N., and Buckland, T. (2006) Effect of silicon level
on rate, quality and progression of bone healing within silicate-substituted porous
hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
Biomaterials
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Jones, J.R. and Hench, L.L. (2003) Regeneration of trabecular bone using porous
ceramics.
Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science
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7
, 301-307.
Sepulveda, P., Binner, J.G.P., Rogero, S.O.
et al
. (2000) Production of porous hydrox-
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Journal of Biomedical
Materials Research
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Porous Melt-Derived Glasses
Elgayar, I., Aliev, A.E., Boccaccini, A.R., and Hill, R.G. (2005) Structural analysis of
bioactive glasses.
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
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351
, 173-183.
Fu, Q., Rahaman, M.N., Bal, B.S.
et al
. (2008) Mechanical and
in vitro
performance of
13-93 bioactive glass scaffolds prepared by a polymer foam replication technique.
Acta
Biomaterialia
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4
, 1854-1864.
Fu, Q., Saiz, E., and Tomsia, A.P. (2011) Bioinspired strong and highly porous glass
scaffolds.
Advanced Functional Materials
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21
, 1058-1063.
Wu, Z.Y., Hill, R.G., Yue, S.
et al
. (2011) Melt-derived bioactive glass scaffolds by
gel-cast foaming technique.
Acta Biomaterialia
,
7
, 1807-1816.
Sol-Gel Foaming
Gough, J.E., Jones, J.R., and Hench, L.L. (2004) Nodule formation and mineralisation of
human primary osteoblasts cultured on a porous bioactive glass scaffold.
Biomaterials
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25
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