Digital Signal Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
In Section 10.1, we used a linear, constant-coefficient difference equation to
model an LTID system. A second model is based on the impulse response h [ k ]
of a system. This alternative representation leads to a different approach for
analyzing LTID systems. Section 10.2 presents this alternative approach.
10.2 Representatio n of sequences using Dirac delta functions
In this section, we show that any arbitrary sequence x [ k ] may be represented as
a linear combination of time-shifted, DT impulse functions. Recall that a DT
impulse function is defined in Eq. (1.51) as follows:
1
k
= 0
δ [ k ] =
(10.3)
0
k = 0 .
We are interested in representing any DT sequence x [ k ] as a linear combina-
tion of shifted impulse functions, δ [ k m ], for −∞ < m < ∞ . We illustrate
the procedure using the arbitrary function x [ k ] shown in Fig. 10.2(a). Figures
10.2(b)-(f) represent x [ k ] as a linear combination of a series of simple functions
x m [ k ], for −∞ < m < ∞ . Since x m [ k ] is non-zero only at one location ( k = m ),
it represents a scaled and time-shifted impulse function. In other words,
x m [ k ] = x [ m ] δ [ k m ] .
(10.4)
Fig. 10.2. Representation of a
DT sequence as a linear
combination of time-shifted
impulse functions. (a) Arbitrary
sequence x [ k ]; (b)-(f) its
decomposition using DT impulse
functions.
In terms of x m [ k ], the DT sequence x [ k ] is, therefore, represented by
x [ k ] =+ x 2 [ k ] + x 1 [ k ] + x 0 [ k ] + x 1 [ k ] + x 2 [ k ] +
=+ x [ 2] δ [ k + 2] + x [ 1] δ [ k + 1] + x [0] δ [ k ]
+ x [1] δ [ k 1] + x [2] δ [ k 2] + ,
x [ k ]
x −2 [ k ] = x [ − 2] d [ k + 2]
x −1 [ k ] = x [ − 1] d [ k + 1]
1
k
k
k
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1
2
45
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1
0
2
3
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1
0
1
2
3
4
5
(a)
(b)
(c)
x 0 [ k ] = x [0] d [ k ]
x 1 [ k ] = x [1] d [ k − 1]
x 2 [ k ] = x [2] d [ k − 2]
1
k
k
k
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1
2
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1
2
(d)
(e)
(f)
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