Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
glycol)-b-poly(3-caprolactone) (MPEG-b-PCL) solution which form a gelatinous drug
depot implants on injecting into the subcutaneous tissue of sprague-dawley rats. The
hydrogel formation lead to sustainable release by retarding the initial burst release
of BSA and BSA release over a period of several weeks. Moreover, a novel delivery
system based on chondroitin sulfate-chitosan (ChS-CS) NPs loaded with positively
and negatively charged FITC-BSA were synthesized and their cellular uptake,
cytotoxicity, and transepithelial transport were studied in human epithelial colorectal
adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) fibroblasts (Hu et al. 2012).
These protein NPs were also used as bioprobe for cellular studies by conju-
gated with two fluorogenic NIR emitting squaraine dyes,
N
-propanesulfonate-
benzothiazolium squaraine (SQ-1) and
N
-propanesulfonate-benzoindolium
squaraine (SQ-2). These dyes were non-fluorescent in water and became fluores-
cent on combining with BSA molecule. The BSA-SQ NPs were used for cell incu-
bation and bioimaging studies on HCT 116 cells. Such NPs probe can be used for
intracellular imaging (Zhang et al. 2013). Similarly, Lin et al. (2013) synthesized
a biocompatible tumor targeted BSA-conjugated AuNCs/NPs by conjugating with
folic acid molecule. The resulted BSA-Au nanocomplexes have high selective tar-
geting for MGC803 cells and dual-modality dark-field and fluorescence imaging.
All such multifunctional NPs provided an anticipation for the development for
more effective theranostic tools for clinical trials.
5.1.2 Human Serum Albumin
PDT emerges as promising theranostic modality for cancer. A tumor targeted pho-
tosensitizer-conjugated HSA NPs has been produced by chemically conjugating
hydrophobic PS, chlorin e6 (Ce6) to HSA for an effective PDT on tumor-bear-
ing HT-29 mice. These non-toxic conjugate produce singlet oxygen on illumina-
tion with appropriate wavelength of light and lead to the killing of tumor cells.
Moreover these PS get accumulate in the tumor tissue and produce a intense fluo-
rescence signal, which can be further utilized for the photodynamic imaging (PDI)
(Jeong et al. 2011).
In another such attempt, Yang et al. (2010) developed a hematoporphyrin linked
albumin NPs (HP-ANP) for cancer PDT by modifying the surface of albumin NPs
with hematoporphyrin. Which further functionalized with gamma-emitting nuclides
(99mTc) for lung cancer targeted PDT and imaging. The complex was accumu-
lated more in murine lung tumors compared to normal lungs. Pharmacokinetics of
99mTc chelated HP-ANP (99mTc-HP-ANP) was studied in rabbit, which showed
much more extended biological half life of 99mTc-HP-ANP compared to 99mTc-
HP. Similarly, a porphyrin and monoclonal antibody anti-CD104 conjugated BSA
and HSA were synthesized for the targeted destruction of human bladder cancer cell
line UM-UC-3. Porphyrin alone donot show any photodynamic effect but in combi-
nation with the mAb anti-CD104; BSA and HSA showed high therapeutic efficacy
in destroying the cancer cells (Pereira et al. 2014).
