Environmental Engineering Reference
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3.2 Net energy yield of a feedstock at 5
C depending on volatile solids
content and fermentation temperature (source: Braun R (1982) Biogas -
Methanga¨rung organischer Abfallstoffe. Springer, Berlin, Germany;
Figure 37 on p. 100; with kind permission from Springer Science
+Business Media B.V.).
8
Data on feedstock characteristics in the literature
The literature provides detailed data tables for various biogas feedstocks.
Although these data can differ significantly, they do provide very valuable
first-hand information. A table of the characteristics of many different
biogas feedstocks can be found in Chapter 2 of this topic. Feedstock
characteristics are also given by Braun (1982), Bischofsberger et al. (2005),
Braun (2007) and Murphy et al. (2011).
3.2.3 Legal classification of feedstock
Before using a certain substance as a feedstock in a biogas plant it is of
importance to evaluate the legal consequences of using this feedstock. There
are two main legal issues that should be stressed at this point - pollution
control and biogas subsidies.
Pollution control
The utilisation of feedstocks considered as waste material or wastewater is
strictly regulated due to pollution control measures. In particular, utilisation
of the biogas by-product, the digestate, is regulated. It can be assumed that
chemical contaminants (e.g. heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAHs), dioxins) if they enter a biogas plant via the feedstock will
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