Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
18.1
Comparison of costs (SEK/kWh) between transport distance (km)
and transported volumes for different upgrading and distribution
alternatives at 100GWh/yr. Alt 1, high-pressure transmission natural gas
network; Alt 2, low-pressure distribution natural gas network; Alt 3a,
local gas grid, 100GWh/yr; Alt 3, local gas grid, 1000GWh/yr; Alt 4, CBG,
6000Nm
3
/truck; Alt 5, LBG, 35 000Nm
3
/truck. Note that the extra costs of
cryogenic upgrading are included. For reference, the costs of transport
in national transmission and distribution network are also included; the
gas replacement benefit of biomethane injection is not included in the
estimate, which would otherwise decrease the costs (
Grontmij
#
Sweden, Benjaminsson and Nilsson (2009)).
gas
1
(CNG for short in line with internationally agreed road signage) is the
best option for all volumes up to distances of 200 km as compared with
liquefied vehicle gas (or liquefied natural gas LNG
2
), which has higher
investment costs but much lower transport costs. However, it should be
noted that the handling of CNG mobile units (Fig. 18.2) when dealing with
higher volumes is a logistical challenge.
An added advantage of local biogas grids is, of course, the creation of new
opportunities for biomethane injection along the entire length. Since current
commercial upgrading processes need to be of a certain size to be
economical, it is a good idea to supplement the grid with a parallel raw
biogas grid, collecting and transporting the biogas from several smaller
biogas plants to a central upgrading facility. In this way it is possible to
realize the potential of agricultural biogas, which is quite disperse in nature,
1
In Sweden, the term vehicle gas is a common designation for all methane-containing gases,
irrespective of origin.
2
The term used on internationally agreed road signage, irrespective of the origin of the fuel.
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