Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 17.4
Comparison of different fuel cell technologies
Polymer
electrolyte
membrane
(PEMFC)
Alkaline
(AFC)
Phosphoric acid
(PAFC)
Molten carbonate
(MCFC)
Solid oxide
(SOFC)
Direct methanol
(DMFC)
Common
electrolyte
Perfluorosulphon-
ic acid
Aqueous solution
of potassium
hydroxide soaked
in a matrix
Phosphoric acid
soaked in a matrix
Solution of
lithium, sodium,
and/or potassium
carbonates,
soaked in a matrix
Yttria-stabilised
zirconia
Solid organic
polymer polyper-
fluorosulphonic
acid
Operating
temperature (
50-100
90-100
150-200
600-700
700-1000
50-100
8
C)
Fuel gas
Pure H
2
, methane,
methanol
Pure H
2
, hydrazine Pure H
2
, methane,
natural gas, coal
gas, biogas
Methane, coal
gas, biogas
Methane, H
2
, coal
gas, biogas
Liquid methanol
Typical stack size
<
1 kW-100 kW
10-100 kW
400 kW
100 kW module
300 kW-3MW
300 kW module
1 kW-2MW
Up to 1.5 kW
Efficiency
60%
transportation
35% stationary
60%
40%
45-50%
60%
20-25%
Applications
.
Backup power
.
Military
.
Distributed
generation
.
Electric utility
.
Auxiliary power
.
Consumer
goods
.
Portable power
.
Space
.
Distributed
generation
.
Electric utility
.
Distributed
generation
.
Distributed
generation
.
Laptops
.
Transporation
.
Specialty
vehicles
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